E-Lock: A Blockchain Framework for Enhancing Security and Trust in E-Learning
Keywords:
E-Lock, Blockchain-based framework, E-learning, Technology-Enhanced Learning, Polygon blockchain platform, Online Learning
Abstract
This paper introduces E-Lock, a blockchain-based framework aimed at enhancing security, scalability, and trust in e- learning
systems. By leveraging Polygon’s blockchain platform, E- Lock utilizes decentralized ledgers and smart contracts to improve transparency,
efficiency, and data security in digital education environment. Polygon’s high-throughput, cost-effective architecture overcomes limitations in
traditional e-learning platforms, enabling scalable, low-cost transaction management. Through decentralized consensus, cryptographic hashing,
and interoperability with the Ethereum ecosystem, E-Lock ensures data integrity, verifiability, and secure operations while reducing
vulnerabilities to malicious attacks. The framework empowers educational institutions to maintain data sovereignty, protect intellectual property
rights, and foster resilience and transparency in the e-learning ecosystem. This paper provides practical insights and guidance for researchers in
the field of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL), presenting a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and trade-offs associated with
blockchain integration in educational platforms.
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[28] Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Baqasah, A. M., Alroobaea, R., Gadekallu, T. R., Sampedro, G. A., & Zhu, Y.(2024). ORAN-B5G: A Next Generation Open Radio Access Network Architecture With Machine Learning for Beyond 5G in Industrial 5.0. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking.
[29] Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Alroobaea, R., Baqasah, A. M., Alsafyani, M., Bacarra, R., & Alsayaydeh, J. A. J.(2024). Secure Remote Sensing Data with Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technology: ASolution for Smart Cities. IEEE Access.
[30] Khan, A. A., Dhabi, S., Yang, J., Alhakami, W., Bourouis, S., & Yee, L.(2024). B-LPoET: Amiddleware lightweight Proof-of-Elapsed Time (PoET) for efficient distributed transaction execution and security on Blockchain using multithreading technology. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 118, 109343.
[2] Harjinder Singh Lallie, A. Thompson, Elzbieta Titis, and P. Stephens, “Understanding Cyber Threats Against the Universities, Colleges, and Schools,” arXiv (Cornell University), Jul. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2307.07755.
[3] R. Hassan, W. Wahi, N. H. A. Ismail, and S. A. B. Awwad, “Data Security Awareness in Online Learning,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 13, no. 4, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2022.0130432.
[4] S. Khatri, A. K. Cherukuri, and F. Kamalov, “Global Pandemics Influence on Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes,” Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.12462.
[5] P. Chatterjee, R. Bose, S. Banerjee, and S. Roy, “Enhancing Data Security of Cloud Based LMS,” Wireless Personal Communications, Mar. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10323-5.
[6] Khan, M., Alam, M., Zaman, H. (2024). ”Blockchain and Smart Contract- Based Frameworks for Secure E-Learning Systems: A Comparative Review.” International Journal of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education, 12(1), 15-32.
[7] Nguyen, L., Dinh, C., Duong, H. (2023). ”Enhancing Security and Privacy in Blockchain-Based Learning Management Systems.” Journal of Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(3), 331-350.
[8] Patel, A., Shah, R., Mehta, V. (2023). ”Scalability Challenges and Solutions in Blockchain Applications for E-Learning.” IEEE Transactions on Education, 66(4), 399-412.
[9] Zhang, R., Lee, Y., Lim, S. (2024). ”Smart Contracts and Automation in Decentralized Learning Platforms: A Framework for Enhanced Transparency.” Blockchain Research Journal, 9(2), 99-118.
[10] Garcia, E., Rivera, L. (2024). ”Exploring the Role of Cryptographic Hashing in Secure Blockchain-Based E-Learning Platforms.” Journal of Information Security and Applications, 71, 103197.
[11] Yoon, J., Park, H., Kang, M. (2023). ”Comparing Blockchain Platforms for Educational Applications: Ethereum vs. Polygon.” Digital Education Research Review, 17(2), 289-305.
[12] Sun, H., Wang, X., Wang, X. (2018). Application of blockchain technology in online education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 13(10).
[13] Miah, M. (2020). Blockchain technology in peer-to-peer elearning: Opportunities and challenges. In Proceedings of the EDSIG Conference ISSN (Vol. 2473, p. 4901).
[14] Capece, G., Levialdi Ghiron, N., Pasquale, F. (2020). Blockchain technology: Redefining trust for digital certificates. Sustainability, 12(21), 8952.
[15] Ubaka-Okoye, M. N., Azeta, A. A., Oni, A. A., Okagbue, H. I., NicholasOmoregbe, O. S., Chidozie, F. (2020). Blockchain framework for securing e-learning system. Institutions, 27, 28.
[16] Ramasamy, L. K., Khan, F. (2024). Blockchain-Based E-Learning Plat- form: Transforming Education Through Decentralization. In Blockchain for Global Education (pp. 103-123). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
[17] Samala, A. D., Mhlanga, D., Bojic´, L., Howard, N. J., Pereira Coelho, D. (2024). Blockchain Technology in Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Beyond. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 18(1), 20-42.
[18] Mohd Alwi, Najwa Fan, Ip-Shing. (2009). Information security man- agement in E-learning. 1 - 6. 10.1109/ICITST.2009.5402507.
[19] C.-C. Lee, C.-T. Li, Z.-W. Chen, and Y.-M. Lai, “A Biometric-Based Authentication and Anonymity Scheme for Digital Rights Management System,” Information Technology And Control, vol. 47, no. 2, Jun. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.47.2.18506.
[20] Li, X., Jiang, P., Chen, T., Luo, X., Wen, Q. (2020). A survey on the security of blockchain systems. Future Generation Computer Systems, 107, 841
[21] Samonas, S., Coss, D. (2014). THE CIA STRIKES BACK: REDEFIN- ING CONFIDENTIALITY, INTEGRITY AND AVAILABILITY IN
[22] SECURITY. Journal of Information System Security, 10(3).
[23] Zhang, R., Xue, R., Liu, L. (2019). Security and privacy on blockchain. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 52(3), 1-34
[24] Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Baqasah, A. M., Bacarra, R., Alroobaea, R., Alsafyani, M., & Alsayaydeh, J. A. J.(2025). BDLT-IoMT-a novel architecture: SVM machine learning for robust and secure data processing in Internet of Medical Things with blockchain cybersecurity. The Journal of Supercomputing, 81(1),1-22.
[25] Khan, A. A., Yang, J., Laghari, A. A., Baqasah, A. M., Alroobaea, R., Ku, C. S., ... & Por, L. Y.(2025). BAIoT-EMS: Consortium network for small-medium enterprises management system with blockchain and augmented intelligence of things. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 141, 109838.
[26] Khan, Abdullah Ayub, Asif Ali Laghari, Abdullah M. Baqasah, Roobaea Alroobaea, Ahmad Almadhor, Gabriel Avelino Sampedro, and Natalia Kryvinska."Blockchain-enabled infrastructural security solution for serverless consortium fog and edge computing."
[27] Khan, A. A., Chen, Y. L., Hajjej, F., Shaikh, A. A., Yang, J., Ku, C. S., & Por, L. Y.(2024). Digital forensics for the socio-cyber world (DF-SCW): Anovel framework for deepfake multimedia investigation on social media platforms. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 27, 100502.
[28] Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Baqasah, A. M., Alroobaea, R., Gadekallu, T. R., Sampedro, G. A., & Zhu, Y.(2024). ORAN-B5G: A Next Generation Open Radio Access Network Architecture With Machine Learning for Beyond 5G in Industrial 5.0. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking.
[29] Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Alroobaea, R., Baqasah, A. M., Alsafyani, M., Bacarra, R., & Alsayaydeh, J. A. J.(2024). Secure Remote Sensing Data with Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technology: ASolution for Smart Cities. IEEE Access.
[30] Khan, A. A., Dhabi, S., Yang, J., Alhakami, W., Bourouis, S., & Yee, L.(2024). B-LPoET: Amiddleware lightweight Proof-of-Elapsed Time (PoET) for efficient distributed transaction execution and security on Blockchain using multithreading technology. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 118, 109343.
Published
2025-08-09
How to Cite
Laeeq, K., Abbasi, M., Shabbir, A., Khan, A., & Habib, H. (2025). E-Lock: A Blockchain Framework for Enhancing Security and Trust in E-Learning. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Mathematical Sciences, 3(2), 62-74. https://doi.org/10.58921/ijaims.v3i2.126
